Indian Red Scorpion Facts (Hottentotta tamulus)

The Indian red scorpion (Hottentotta tamulus) or eastern Indian scorpion is considered to be the most lethal scorpion in the world. Despite its common name, the scorpion isnt necessarily red. It can range in color from reddish brown to orange or brown. The Indian red scorpion doesnt hunt people, but it will sting to defend itself. Children are most likely to die from stings because of their small size. Fast Facts: Indian Red Scorpion Scientific Name: Hottentotta tamulusCommon Names: Indian red scorpion, eastern Indian scorpionBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: 2.0-3.5 inchesLifespan: 3-5 years (captivity)Diet: CarnivoreHabitat: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri LankaPopulation: AbundantConservation Status: Not evaluated Description The Indian red scorpion is a fairly small scorpion, ranging from 2 to 3-1/2 inches in length. It ranges in color from bright reddish orange to dull brown. The species has distinctive dark gray ridges and granulation. It has relatively small pincers, a thickened tail (telson) and a large stinger. As with spiders, male scorpion pedipalps appear somewhat inflated compared to those of females. Like other scorpions, the Indian red scorpion is fluorescent under black light. Several color morphs of Indian red scorpions exist. Sagar khunte /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license Habitat and Distribution The species is found in India, eastern Pakistan, and eastern Nepal. Recently, it has been seen (rarely) in Sri Lanka. Although little is known about the Indian red scorpions ecology, it appears to prefer humid tropical and subtropical habitats. It often lives near or in human settlements. Diet and Behavior The Indian red scorpion is a carnivore. It is a nocturnal ambush predator that detects prey by vibration and subdues it using its chelae (claws) and stinger. It feeds on cockroaches and other invertebrates and sometimes small vertebrates, such as lizards and rodents. Reproduction and Offspring In general, scorpions reach sexual maturity between 1 and 3 years of age. While some species can reproduce asexually via parthenogenesis, the Indian red scorpion only reproduces sexually. Mating occurs following a complex courtship ritual in which the male grasps the females pedipalps and dances with her until he finds a suitable flat area to deposit his spermatophore. He guides the female over the spermatophore and she accepts it into her genital opening. While scorpion females tend not to eat their mates, sexual cannibalism is not unknown, so males quickly depart following mating. Females give birth to live young, which are called scorplings. The young resemble their parents except they are white and unable to sting. They stay with their mother, riding on her back, at least until after their first molt. In captivity, Indian red scorpions live 3 to 5 years. The female Indian red scorpion carries her young on her back. Akash M. Deshmukh /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has not evaluated the conservation status of the Indian red scorpion. The scorpion is abundant within its range (except for Sri Lanka). However, there are high bounties on collection of wild specimens for scientific research, plus they may be captured for the pet trade. The population trend of the species is unknown. Indian Red Scorpions and Humans Despite their potent venom, Indian red scorpions are kept as pets. They are also kept and bred in captivity for medical research. Scorpion toxins include potassium channel-blocking peptides, which may have use as immunosuppressants for autoimmune disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis). Some toxins may have application in dermatology, cancer treatment, and as antimalarial drugs. Indian red scorpion stings are not uncommon in India and Nepal. While the scorpions are not aggressive, they will sting when stepped on or otherwise threatened. Reported clinical fatality rates range from 8 to 40%. Children are the most common victims. Symptoms of envenomation include severe pain at the site of the sting, vomiting, sweating, breathlessness, and alternating high and low blood pressure and heart rate. The venom targets the pulmonary and cardiovascular system and can cause death from pulmonary edema. While antivenom has little effectiveness, administration of the blood pressure medication prazosin can reduce the mortality rate to less than 4%. Some persons suffer severe allergic reactions to the venom and antivenom, including anaphylaxis. Sources Bawaskar, H.S. and P.H. Bawaskar. Indian red scorpion envenoming. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 65 (3): 383–391, 1998. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(95)00005-7Ismail, M. and P. H. Bawaskar. The scorpion envenoming syndrome. Toxicon. 33 (7): 825–858, 1995. PMID:8588209Kovařà ­k, F. A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species. Euscorpius. 58: 1–105, 2007.Nagaraj, S.K.; Dattatreya, P.; Boramuth, T.N. Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies. J. Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2015; 21: 51. doi:10.1186/s40409-015-0053-4Polis, Gary A. The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford University Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0-8047-1249-1.

The Effects Of Substance Use Disorder On America s Prison...

Introduction For the better part of the 20th century, those convicted of crimes and sentenced to serve time in prison, who also have an addiction have been treated unfairly. Substance use disorder has been viewed as a disease for decades now, and despite this, this disease is not being treated in America’s prison systems properly. The recent sentencing of Cameron Douglas, son of legendary actor Michael Douglas, to four and one half years additionally in federal prison has brought this crucial injustice to light. Cameron was serving a five year sentence for various drug related charge and is an admitted addict of intravenous cocaine and heroin. Heroin was discovered in the cell he resided in, and in an unprecedented legal proceeding, Judge Richard Berman gave Cameron the longest sentence on record for a prisoner found to have drugs while incarcerated. Instead of receiving much needed treatment for his disorder, Cameron will spend nearly the same amount of time in prison as his original sentence called for. The Numbers Drug use and abuse is not a new problem for America’s prison system, and is one which speaks to the larger issue corrupting the judicial system as a whole. As of 2013, of those prisoners serving at least a year long sentence, 51 percent (98,200) of them were serving for drug offenses (Carson, 2014). To contrast the incarcerated with those on probation and parole, some 25 percent (977,662) of the 3.9 million people on probation were charged with drugShow MoreRelatedDetrimental Social Problems: Substance Abuse Essays1197 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most detrimental social problems found in all societies. It has been the leading cause for generational breakdowns of families and communities, and is probably the most controversial social problem when developing corrective solutions. Substance abuse can be defined as the chemical dependence, or pattern of usage of both legal and illegal substances, that has adverse physical, psychological, and psychomotor e ffects on the human body. The use of substances does not alwaysRead MorePrejudice Against The Mentally Ill1157 Words   |  5 Pagesto help people with mental illness. The effects of prejudice can be felt by an individual, all of Canada, and the global world. Some of the organizations have succeed in their fight. Mental health prejudice is the discrimination of people with mental health issues. Metal health prejudice effects can be felt through the entire world. GovernmentRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders ( Dsm ) Defines Substance Abuse As Addiction Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pages Definitions Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) defines substance abuse as addiction. Addiction is defined by abuse and dependence. â€Å"Abuse† is use that impairs an individual person’s ability to function. â€Å"Dependence† is physical withdraw, and centering one’s life around obtaining and using the substance (Kaye and David, 2014). Like a lot of populations those individuals who suffer from substance abuse have terms they are referred to that are offensive to them and their diseaseRead MoreLaw Enforcement : The United States Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesdesigned in the early 1800’s by a man named Robert Peal, which is why cops are sometimes referred to as Bobbies in England; designing an organization of law enforcement that would protect people from harming other people (Christ). This was the model that we based our western law enforcement agencies on, until prohibition became a federal task in the 1920’s. This is when the federal government decided to take up the task of protecting people from themselves. Fast forward to the 1960’s; President RichardRead MoreIntroduction. Mental Illness Today Is A Social Crisis That1650 Words   |  7 Pagesis a social crisis that began with the onset of deinstitutionalization leading to a massive increase within our prison population. People with mental illnesses often cycle repeatedly through courtrooms, jails, and prisons that are ill-equipped to address their needs and, in particular, to provide adequate treatment. There are also many other factors in prisons that have negative effects on mental health such as overcrowding, violence, solitude, lack of privacy, isolation from social networks and familyRead MoreAmerica Has The Highest Rate Of Incarceration940 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica has the highest rate of incarceration per capita of any other industrialized nation. That is an amazing fact. Don’t believe it? Then do some research. The Wor ld Prison Brief, a database hosted by the International Centre for Prison Studies, provides an online table* that list the world’s prison population broken down by nation. With a total population of over 320 million, the U.S. ranks at 698 prisoners per 100,000 people. That beats just about every nation in the world, including ChinaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Cannabis?1724 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Many people say that medical cannabis heals diseases and helps symptoms, and other illnesses such as, sleep disorders, psychological disorders, Alzheimer s, and many different issues that affect individuals and their families every day. Cannabis plants can grow in the wild or with the help of humans in an indoor hydroponic system; outdoors marijuana grows in tropical, temperate areas in any climate. Marijuana, an extract from cannabis, is made from dried cannabis leaves and flowersRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?966 Words   |  4 Pagesseventeen other states also (Ross, J. K. 2014, 05). This drug can be used in many helpful, medical purposes. Cannabis oil can be used to treat certain seizure disorders in both children and adults. These are afflictions that can cause hundreds of seizures a day, and can even lead to death. However, it does not create the high that recreational use of marijuana produces (Aaron, Torres, 2015). Marijuana cigarettes are effective at controlling nausea. They are more effective at controlling nausea thanRead MoreSocial And Legal Issues Surrounding Bipolar Disorder1683 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorder is a psychological diagnosis that tends to present episodes of depression and mania, thus the name manic-depression (Corry, 2010). This brain disorder causes strange mood changes, changes in routine activities and energy shifts. People suffering from bipolar disorder tend to exhibit instances of antisocial and violent behavior as they relate to people; this makes them extremely volatile and dangerous both to themselves and those close to them (Rose, 2007). The followingRead MoreThe Mortality Rate For Suicide Among Male Inmates1869 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Daniel (2007), â€Å"Suicide is the third leading cause of death in U.S. state and federal prisons, exceeded only by natural causes and AIDS† (p. 409). However, in jails this is not the case. Figure 6 looks at mortality rates within the jail population from another report by the BJS. According to Noonan, Rohloff, and Ginder (2015), â€Å"Suicide has been the leading cause of death in jails every ye ar since 2000. In 2013, a third (34%) of jail inmate deaths were due to suicide† (p. 1). This is

Business Plan of Linex Spray

Question: Discuss about the Business Plan of Linex Spray. Answer: Introduction: Linex Spray is one of the leading companies in protective coating development. It is well known for its spray-on truck bedliners. Linex is the only automotive aftermarket and wide-ranging protective coating service franchisee in North America. The organization is associated with many experts who preserve experience of more than 20 years. Linex has paved the path of their success by providing useful and beneficial products and solutions to their customers. Linex always try to match the expectation level of their consumers. The primary objective of Linex is to provide quality service to their consumers ("Linex.com", 2017). The following article has demonstrated a business plan for the Linex Spray that involves their vision, mission, objective, the strategies and plans. Vision: Within next five years, Linex will spread its network in the global market via this scientific and new Linex spray Mission: Provide their customers quality and effective service by this product and help them to protect their vehicles from any kind of damage. Strategies: Appoint more experts those are experienced and have the knowledge about product and who are able to encourage the productivity of new and unique products to meet the market demand. The management wants to expand the business into the Global market. They want to enhance the productivity level to meet the expectation level of the consumers. The management aims at increasing the market demand. In order to achieve the target Linex will encourage the implementation of new technologies to enhance the productivity and Linex has decided to appoint some skilled and efficient employees. To control the production and maintain the quality service the management of Linex will monitor the manufacture of the products. Plan: In order to achieve the target Linex will embrace new technologies and techniques to increase productivity and Use new and scientific method for product packaging. They will appoint some marketing experts who can promote their products into the market and influence the demand among the consumers, make a proper marketing plan for the new products to draw the attention of maximum number of customer and Use new media and conventional media to reach to their buyers. The authority will conduct training and development program for the employees to train them about the process of production and provide a transparent picture about the objective and policies of the organization. They have decided to outsource human resource activities so they can concentrate on achieving the goal (Brinckmann et al., 2015). Human resource outsourcing will provide talented and skilled employees. The management Offers the employees loyalty bonus and incentives for remarkable performance to influence the consumer s to give their best performance to achieve the organizational goal and increase their loyalty towards the organization. Objectives: The main objective of Linex to increase the gross revenue to 35% within coming five years to increase the profit margin. They want to reduce the production cost by using new technologies and tactics. They want increase the market demand of their product and resolve all the obstacles regarding production. The motive of the management is to increase the accuracy level in product supply. They want to promote the use of biodegradable materials in production to discourage the rapid growth of pollution on the environment. They have targeted to produce zero wastes to save the environment from global warming. Conclusion: As per the previous discussion, it can be concluded that Linex Spray being a leading company in producing product coating is renowned for its quality service. It is dedicated towards its consumers to provide them good and useful products. The business plan of Linex Spray has been established to encourage the growth of the organization. The main objective of the plan is to increase the profit margin and the market demand. The plan includes all the element of a successful business plan, such as- vision, mission, strategies, plans and objectives. While considering the business plan, it can be stated that Linex can achieve the desired target by embracing new, unique and innovative techniques in the production and and marketing. Reference: Brinckmann, J., Read, S., Mayer-Haug, K., Dew, N., Grichnik, D. (2015, January). Of those who plan: A meta-analysis of the relationship between human capital and business planning. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 16198). Academy of Management. Home|LineX. (2017). Linex.com.