Treament for the elderly alcoholic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Treament for the old heavy drinker - Assignment Example The attention was on the objectives and motivations behind treatment of old heavy drinkers and how the administrations he offered could be gotten to. We likewise examined an assortment of emergency circumstances followed by an inquiry answer meeting. The result of an hour long meeting is counted as under in detail. Dr. Cowan accentuated that the issue with liquor abuse among the old is that it plays into various different conditions that a patient has. Liquor addiction will in general debilitate the invulnerable arrangement of an old at such a fast pace, that he gets less an ideal opportunity to recuperate. Appraisal is a difficult issue, he noted, to a limited extent in light of the manners by which doctor prescribed drug can cover it. This is sponsored up by the writing (Miller, 2010, p. 318). He portrayed the reason for rewarding old drunkards is to get them into a treatment program. â€Å"Often times these sorts of patients don't come in to see me. Generally one of the kids conc ludes that that's the last straw and it is the ideal opportunity for this individual to look for treatment. Greatest thing that one ought to need to battle liquor abuse is the will. In the event that you would prefer not to show signs of improvement, you never will.† He underscored that another objective of treatment is to include relatives as they give the key encouraging group of people to old individuals. He recognized this as the primary way that the administrations would be gotten to: the patients would be acquired by family members. Media both print and electronic are additionally being utilized by individuals to abridge liquor abuse. Family doctors likewise manage older alcoholic patients to visit a characterized wellbeing proficient. By and by, he stated, likewise with all compulsion, there is a lot of opposition. As a specialist, I need to perceive that and put forth a valiant effort to make the procedure simpler. The objective is to leave the individual happier than previously. He invested some energy discussing the significance of the subject. â€Å"There are contemplates that show liquor addiction among the older is extremely pervasive. It is avoided see to some extent since older individuals are escaped see. Some portion of the issue is that liquor addiction can be mistaken for any number of other medical problems. That isn't motivation to step away from the investigation of this malady. In the event that anything, it is motivation to recharge our advantage. Whenever we see a gathering in the public arena that is falling through the tracks we have to do all that we can to support them. The old are progressively delicate with the impacts of liquor for a variety of reasons and their organic chemistry has changed with age. That is an intriguing issue which I dedicate a considerable lot of study to. The entire maturing process is entrancing. We're all going to wind up there one day, so we should know as much as we can.† Looking at liquor treatment is significant, he stated, in light of the fact that there means that the measure of misuse is expanding. A few examinations show this is the situation (Sirvin and Malamut, 2008, p. 515). At long last, we discussed emergency circumstances that are convincing individuals to look for help. Decaying wellbeing in view of liquor addiction is a significant explanation that at last makes a patient to look for treatment. Physiatrists, when counseled by people additionally drove them to the ocean a specialist. Self assurance to dispose of the maltreatment and carry on with a superior life additionally made hardly any individuals to visit an expert. Family members likewise inspired to constant older patients to battle the liquor addiction. I discovered Dr. Cowan to be an entirely learned and genuine specialist. The procedure and the objectives that he portrayed sounded good to me. It was interesting to hear

Gilgamesh and Odysseus Essay Example for Free

Gilgamesh and Odysseus Essay Odysseus fundamental test is to help rout the Trojans in the skirmish of the Trojan pony. All the men who endure the war and the ocean were securely back at home, other than Odysseus, he despite everything had a long excursion in front of him. In the start of his excursion, his test was brought upon him by the incredible God of the ocean Poseidon. Poseidon became Odysseus adversary after a Cyclops held him and his crewmates hostage. In the wake of getting away from the Cyclops, Odysseus blinded it with fire and his blade. The Cyclops was the child of Poseidon, subsequent to mentioning to his father what happened Poseidon turned out to be brimming with fury and vowed to Odysseus that he would pay for what he had done, and he would meander the oceans for a long time as his discipline. In the wake of leaving the island of the Cyclops, Odysseus experienced Aeolus, who gave him a pack of winds that would have guided him back to Ithaca. Be that as it may, one of the crewmembers was on edge to perceive what was clinched, that he opened the sack while Odysseus was dozing. Seeing that Odysseus was the one in particular that was coordinated to open the sack this made horrible breezes come out which passed the men further over course. After numerous different difficulties, adrift Odysseus wound up the main survivor. A couple of days after the fact, he went to the island of the goddess Calypso; she fell frantically infatuated with him, and held hostage on her island for a long time. Upon that seventh year things began to change for Odysseus. Athena, girl of Zeus and Odysseus’ defender, talked about his destiny with different divine beings that who collected in Zeus’ home. The entirety of the divine beings other than Poseidon felt for Odysseus, in light of what he did to his child. Zeus anyway advised the God Hermes to advise Calypso to release him and give him a pontoon, food, and apparel for his excursion to Ithaca; this didn't settle will with Poseidon. Poseidon again destroyed Odysseus’ pontoon and which drove him to need to swim to an island stripped and depleted. He woke with snickering ladies around him, who took Odysseus to meet there guardians. They later discovered what his identity was and his job in the Trojan war and helped him on his excursion back home. A couple of more things that occurred in his excursion back home. At the point when Odysseus at long last returned home back to Ithaca to be with his family he acknowledged what he deserted much more. Odysseus when through numerous tests, all genuinely, mental, and enthusiastic yet he despite everything endure and conquered his afflictions. A lady a goddess shaped Enkidu from mud, by the name of Aruru. A lady (Shamhat) enticed Enkidu. Gilgamesh sent Shamhat, the prostitute to Enkidu as a blessing however Enkidu was excessively loaded with himself to comprehend the profundity and ramifications of it. The intercourse was for six days and seven evenings. Shamhat was as far as anyone knows helped Enkidu become a man and a socialized person. They discovered that the adoration for a lady was esteemed over all others. Taking everything into account, the primary correlations between the excursions of Gilgamesh and The Odyssey were men confronting a few hardships that ladies had been the fundamental driver of the issues and difficulties. In Gilgamesh, Enkidu had difficulties from the goddess and in Odyssey; Odysseus had difficulties from the divine beings and goddess.

Indian Red Scorpion Facts (Hottentotta tamulus)

The Indian red scorpion (Hottentotta tamulus) or eastern Indian scorpion is considered to be the most lethal scorpion in the world. Despite its common name, the scorpion isnt necessarily red. It can range in color from reddish brown to orange or brown. The Indian red scorpion doesnt hunt people, but it will sting to defend itself. Children are most likely to die from stings because of their small size. Fast Facts: Indian Red Scorpion Scientific Name: Hottentotta tamulusCommon Names: Indian red scorpion, eastern Indian scorpionBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: 2.0-3.5 inchesLifespan: 3-5 years (captivity)Diet: CarnivoreHabitat: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri LankaPopulation: AbundantConservation Status: Not evaluated Description The Indian red scorpion is a fairly small scorpion, ranging from 2 to 3-1/2 inches in length. It ranges in color from bright reddish orange to dull brown. The species has distinctive dark gray ridges and granulation. It has relatively small pincers, a thickened tail (telson) and a large stinger. As with spiders, male scorpion pedipalps appear somewhat inflated compared to those of females. Like other scorpions, the Indian red scorpion is fluorescent under black light. Several color morphs of Indian red scorpions exist. Sagar khunte /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license Habitat and Distribution The species is found in India, eastern Pakistan, and eastern Nepal. Recently, it has been seen (rarely) in Sri Lanka. Although little is known about the Indian red scorpions ecology, it appears to prefer humid tropical and subtropical habitats. It often lives near or in human settlements. Diet and Behavior The Indian red scorpion is a carnivore. It is a nocturnal ambush predator that detects prey by vibration and subdues it using its chelae (claws) and stinger. It feeds on cockroaches and other invertebrates and sometimes small vertebrates, such as lizards and rodents. Reproduction and Offspring In general, scorpions reach sexual maturity between 1 and 3 years of age. While some species can reproduce asexually via parthenogenesis, the Indian red scorpion only reproduces sexually. Mating occurs following a complex courtship ritual in which the male grasps the females pedipalps and dances with her until he finds a suitable flat area to deposit his spermatophore. He guides the female over the spermatophore and she accepts it into her genital opening. While scorpion females tend not to eat their mates, sexual cannibalism is not unknown, so males quickly depart following mating. Females give birth to live young, which are called scorplings. The young resemble their parents except they are white and unable to sting. They stay with their mother, riding on her back, at least until after their first molt. In captivity, Indian red scorpions live 3 to 5 years. The female Indian red scorpion carries her young on her back. Akash M. Deshmukh /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has not evaluated the conservation status of the Indian red scorpion. The scorpion is abundant within its range (except for Sri Lanka). However, there are high bounties on collection of wild specimens for scientific research, plus they may be captured for the pet trade. The population trend of the species is unknown. Indian Red Scorpions and Humans Despite their potent venom, Indian red scorpions are kept as pets. They are also kept and bred in captivity for medical research. Scorpion toxins include potassium channel-blocking peptides, which may have use as immunosuppressants for autoimmune disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis). Some toxins may have application in dermatology, cancer treatment, and as antimalarial drugs. Indian red scorpion stings are not uncommon in India and Nepal. While the scorpions are not aggressive, they will sting when stepped on or otherwise threatened. Reported clinical fatality rates range from 8 to 40%. Children are the most common victims. Symptoms of envenomation include severe pain at the site of the sting, vomiting, sweating, breathlessness, and alternating high and low blood pressure and heart rate. The venom targets the pulmonary and cardiovascular system and can cause death from pulmonary edema. While antivenom has little effectiveness, administration of the blood pressure medication prazosin can reduce the mortality rate to less than 4%. Some persons suffer severe allergic reactions to the venom and antivenom, including anaphylaxis. Sources Bawaskar, H.S. and P.H. Bawaskar. Indian red scorpion envenoming. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 65 (3): 383–391, 1998. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(95)00005-7Ismail, M. and P. H. Bawaskar. The scorpion envenoming syndrome. Toxicon. 33 (7): 825–858, 1995. PMID:8588209Kovařà ­k, F. A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species. Euscorpius. 58: 1–105, 2007.Nagaraj, S.K.; Dattatreya, P.; Boramuth, T.N. Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies. J. Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2015; 21: 51. doi:10.1186/s40409-015-0053-4Polis, Gary A. The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford University Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0-8047-1249-1.

The Effects Of Substance Use Disorder On America s Prison...

Introduction For the better part of the 20th century, those convicted of crimes and sentenced to serve time in prison, who also have an addiction have been treated unfairly. Substance use disorder has been viewed as a disease for decades now, and despite this, this disease is not being treated in America’s prison systems properly. The recent sentencing of Cameron Douglas, son of legendary actor Michael Douglas, to four and one half years additionally in federal prison has brought this crucial injustice to light. Cameron was serving a five year sentence for various drug related charge and is an admitted addict of intravenous cocaine and heroin. Heroin was discovered in the cell he resided in, and in an unprecedented legal proceeding, Judge Richard Berman gave Cameron the longest sentence on record for a prisoner found to have drugs while incarcerated. Instead of receiving much needed treatment for his disorder, Cameron will spend nearly the same amount of time in prison as his original sentence called for. The Numbers Drug use and abuse is not a new problem for America’s prison system, and is one which speaks to the larger issue corrupting the judicial system as a whole. As of 2013, of those prisoners serving at least a year long sentence, 51 percent (98,200) of them were serving for drug offenses (Carson, 2014). To contrast the incarcerated with those on probation and parole, some 25 percent (977,662) of the 3.9 million people on probation were charged with drugShow MoreRelatedDetrimental Social Problems: Substance Abuse Essays1197 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most detrimental social problems found in all societies. It has been the leading cause for generational breakdowns of families and communities, and is probably the most controversial social problem when developing corrective solutions. 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Marijuana, an extract from cannabis, is made from dried cannabis leaves and flowersRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?966 Words   |  4 Pagesseventeen other states also (Ross, J. K. 2014, 05). This drug can be used in many helpful, medical purposes. Cannabis oil can be used to treat certain seizure disorders in both children and adults. These are afflictions that can cause hundreds of seizures a day, and can even lead to death. However, it does not create the high that recreational use of marijuana produces (Aaron, Torres, 2015). Marijuana cigarettes are effective at controlling nausea. They are more effective at controlling nausea thanRead MoreSocial And Legal Issues Surrounding Bipolar Disorder1683 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorder is a psychological diagnosis that tends to present episodes of depression and mania, thus the name manic-depression (Corry, 2010). This brain disorder causes strange mood changes, changes in routine activities and energy shifts. People suffering from bipolar disorder tend to exhibit instances of antisocial and violent behavior as they relate to people; this makes them extremely volatile and dangerous both to themselves and those close to them (Rose, 2007). The followingRead MoreThe Mortality Rate For Suicide Among Male Inmates1869 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Daniel (2007), â€Å"Suicide is the third leading cause of death in U.S. state and federal prisons, exceeded only by natural causes and AIDS† (p. 409). However, in jails this is not the case. Figure 6 looks at mortality rates within the jail population from another report by the BJS. According to Noonan, Rohloff, and Ginder (2015), â€Å"Suicide has been the leading cause of death in jails every ye ar since 2000. In 2013, a third (34%) of jail inmate deaths were due to suicide† (p. 1). This is

Business Plan of Linex Spray

Question: Discuss about the Business Plan of Linex Spray. Answer: Introduction: Linex Spray is one of the leading companies in protective coating development. It is well known for its spray-on truck bedliners. Linex is the only automotive aftermarket and wide-ranging protective coating service franchisee in North America. The organization is associated with many experts who preserve experience of more than 20 years. Linex has paved the path of their success by providing useful and beneficial products and solutions to their customers. Linex always try to match the expectation level of their consumers. The primary objective of Linex is to provide quality service to their consumers ("Linex.com", 2017). The following article has demonstrated a business plan for the Linex Spray that involves their vision, mission, objective, the strategies and plans. Vision: Within next five years, Linex will spread its network in the global market via this scientific and new Linex spray Mission: Provide their customers quality and effective service by this product and help them to protect their vehicles from any kind of damage. Strategies: Appoint more experts those are experienced and have the knowledge about product and who are able to encourage the productivity of new and unique products to meet the market demand. The management wants to expand the business into the Global market. They want to enhance the productivity level to meet the expectation level of the consumers. The management aims at increasing the market demand. In order to achieve the target Linex will encourage the implementation of new technologies to enhance the productivity and Linex has decided to appoint some skilled and efficient employees. To control the production and maintain the quality service the management of Linex will monitor the manufacture of the products. Plan: In order to achieve the target Linex will embrace new technologies and techniques to increase productivity and Use new and scientific method for product packaging. They will appoint some marketing experts who can promote their products into the market and influence the demand among the consumers, make a proper marketing plan for the new products to draw the attention of maximum number of customer and Use new media and conventional media to reach to their buyers. The authority will conduct training and development program for the employees to train them about the process of production and provide a transparent picture about the objective and policies of the organization. They have decided to outsource human resource activities so they can concentrate on achieving the goal (Brinckmann et al., 2015). Human resource outsourcing will provide talented and skilled employees. The management Offers the employees loyalty bonus and incentives for remarkable performance to influence the consumer s to give their best performance to achieve the organizational goal and increase their loyalty towards the organization. Objectives: The main objective of Linex to increase the gross revenue to 35% within coming five years to increase the profit margin. They want to reduce the production cost by using new technologies and tactics. They want increase the market demand of their product and resolve all the obstacles regarding production. The motive of the management is to increase the accuracy level in product supply. They want to promote the use of biodegradable materials in production to discourage the rapid growth of pollution on the environment. They have targeted to produce zero wastes to save the environment from global warming. Conclusion: As per the previous discussion, it can be concluded that Linex Spray being a leading company in producing product coating is renowned for its quality service. It is dedicated towards its consumers to provide them good and useful products. The business plan of Linex Spray has been established to encourage the growth of the organization. The main objective of the plan is to increase the profit margin and the market demand. The plan includes all the element of a successful business plan, such as- vision, mission, strategies, plans and objectives. While considering the business plan, it can be stated that Linex can achieve the desired target by embracing new, unique and innovative techniques in the production and and marketing. Reference: Brinckmann, J., Read, S., Mayer-Haug, K., Dew, N., Grichnik, D. (2015, January). Of those who plan: A meta-analysis of the relationship between human capital and business planning. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 16198). Academy of Management. Home|LineX. (2017). Linex.com.

The Erl King Essays - Mythic Humanoids, Erl King, Elf, Ballads

The Erl King ?Sore trembled the father: he spurr'd thro the wild. Clasping close to his bosom his shuddering child. He reaches his dwelling in doubt and in dread. But clasp'd to his bosom, the infant was dead.? Taken from ?The Erl King,? by Johann Wolgang von Goethe, one can certainly sense the eerie and suspenseful mood. The author forms this mood by creating well-structured characters and a unique dialogue. There were only three characters in ?The Erl King?: the boy, his father, and the Erl King himself. Yet, each takes on an important role in conveying the eerie, suspenseful mood of this poem. The Erl King is actually a spirit, seen only by his victims. That fact alone gives the mood of the poem a supernatural, mysterious feeling. It is seen that not only is the Erl King mysterious, but he is quite manipulative. He tries to entice the boy into going with him, promising him great fun and happiness, but once he recognizes the boy does not want to leave his father, he becomes angry. All patience is lost and he becomes more forceful with the boy. His change in temperament quickly reassures the reader that the Erl King is out to get what he wants at all costs. The young boy is but a vulnerable child and is an easy target for the Erl King because of his young age. His father thinks that he is imagining up the Erl King, when in fact he is real. The knowledge that the reader holds adds suspens e to the already eerie mood, because the reader knows that Erl King is real and that he is trying to take away the young boys life. The father remains clueless though and you hope the he soon realizes what is happening in order to save his child's life. The dialogue of the poems also displays the mood at hand. The author has the boy repeatedly warn his father that the Erl King was near, trying to take him away. Despite the boy's fear, the father dismisses what the child says, after first telling him that it was something else altogether. ?O father! O father! now, now keep your hold. The Erl King has seized me- his grasp is so cold.? The urgency in the young boy's voice lets you know what a frightful thing is taking place. He yearns for his father to realize what was happening, adding urgency to the mood of the poem. As the Erl King is whispering into the boy's ear, you can only pray that he will be safe in the arms of his father, as they together travel through Germany's Black Forest in the dark of the night. The eerie, suspenseful mood well created in this poem is unmistakable. The author has created a mood so that anyone that reads the poem will become aware of it. Word after word, Johann exceeds his boundaries of dramatic irony, until the final curtain closes of the young boy's untimely death. English Essays

Employee Motivation in Spanish Hotel Chains

Employee Motivation in Spanish Hotel Chains Introduction Purpose of the study There are several types of leadership feedback attributions in organizations. For instance, addressing feedback with anger may result in abusive supervision. On the other hand, addressing feedback as evaluation that is based on the results of poor performance may not give the ideal picture for proactive organizational behaviour module.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Employee Motivation in Spanish Hotel Chains specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, the subordinates may feel disengaged and might not display optimal performance. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and involvement are critical elements within an effective organizational culture (Wang, Tsui, Xin, 201, p. 98). As a manager within an organization, job satisfaction should be the top priority towards the subordinates. Reflectively, job satisfaction translates into effective workforce since satisfied emplo yees will meet their needs while fulfilling the organization’s work values. Besides, strategies promoting job satisfaction accommodate equity among the employees, in terms of rewards and treatment (Slack, 2012, p. 23). It is therefore important to review the impact of corporate leadership on employee motivation in Spanish hotel chains. The analysis will be based on the causal attribution theory, goal setting theory, and abusive supervision theory. Previously, the leadership feedback channel was depicted as a linear process in which a supervisor directly conveyed messages to the subordinates and tracks their performance. In the twenty-first century, the feedback models are interactions of transaction processes where both the supervisor and the subordinates have an influence on each other as they interact within the realms of organizational cultural context.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More Employee motivation captures the concepts of efficiency, efforts, ability, and strategies in place to accomplish an effective organizational behaviour (Chan Mcallister, 2014, p. 46). The need for leaders’ feedback efficiency necessitates more research in the area of feedback systems and their impacts on organizational behaviour within the hotel industry in Spain. It is for this reason that the research will attempt to provide a framework for employee motivation as directly influenced by the type of leaders’ feedback and response by the subordinates. The dependent variable is the feedback attribution while the independent variables are personal ability, social ability, and structural motivation. Research rationale Employee motivation effectiveness determines the level of performance of an organization and business sustainability amidst competition, in terms of effort and ability of the subordinates. This research will assist the organi zations within the Spanish hotel industry to implement effective leadership feedback styles that promote efficiency and sustainability of employee performance. It will be a compilation of best leadership feedback style practices among establishments with effective employee motivation system. The study will also provide recommendations on how organization can effectively manage their employee motivation strategies, as part of the active leadership feedback channel, in order to guarantee job satisfaction among the subordinates. Insufficient information exists concerning different leadership feedback styles and their influence on employee motivation within the Spanish hotel industry. The study will not be a magic bullet in the leadership feedback style and effective employee motivation proposal. It will only provide structures that must be combined with the values and goals of a particular organization to ensure effective behaviour as a management strategy. Therefore, organizations wit hin the Spanish hotel industry cannot implement the recommendations without reflecting on external and internal weaknesses in different organizational behaviour systems and leadership feedback styles.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Employee Motivation in Spanish Hotel Chains specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If too much emphasis goes to emerging trends, then the case study organizations will not learn about the fundamentals of the practice that got those firms to their market positions. Research questions and hypothesis Research hypothesis Null hypothesis: Different leadership feedback styles have influence on the quality of employee motivation within the Spanish hotel industry. Alternative hypothesis: Different leadership feedback styles do not have influence on the quality of employee motivation within the Spanish hotel industry. Taking the role and importance of different leadership feedback styles into consid eration, this particular research study aims to analyse the degree to which different leadership feedback styles influence the level of employee motivation within the Spanish hotel industry. The research study also has particular sub-objectives that are mentioned below: To analyse the importance of different leadership feedback styles on employee motivation within the Spanish hotel industry. To explore the different leadership feedback styles adopted by three selected hotel operating in the Spanish hotel industry. To investigate the impact of different leadership feedback styles on the quality of employee motivation strategies in the Spanish hotel industry. Research questions How effective are different leadership feedback styles in the orientation of employee motivation within the Spanish hotel industry? What is the relevance of leadership feedback style in different employee motivation strategies within the Spanish hotel industry? How effective is the role of an organizational culture as a leadership orientation in employee motivation sustainability within the Spanish hotel industry? Literature review Organization motivation effectiveness and business performance Over the last few years, the roles and responsibilities of managers within a company have significantly changed. According to Spector (2008), leadership feedback style can be explained as the overall leadership approach practiced by managers towards their subordinates. Further, there are several types of leadership feedback styles in terms of managing the subordinates of an organization. Management style can undoubtedly have a huge impact on how the employees perform.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, employees in multinational organizations are free to decide their way of working and their managers follow a relaxed leadership feedback style, since it is suitable within such business environments (Chan Mcallister, 2014, p. 48). On the other hand, government and public sector firms follow a stricter leadership feedback style due to the high level of bureaucracy (Wang, Tsui, Xin, 2011, p. 101). According to Grenny (2012), each type of leadership feedback style serves a purpose grounded on the kind of operations and business environment and the situation. The highly efficient management styles are those that can help the managers to develop a good operating environment for all the individuals involved and motivate employees to put in their maximum efforts (Grenny, 2012, p. 11). Moreover, it is believed that management styles also have an impact on the quality of organizational behaviour within distinct industries such as the Hospitality Industry (Chan Mcallister, 201 4, p. 46; Sinclair, 2010). According to Jian et al. (2012), management style has a strong impact on employee motivation and ability to learn in an organization. Besides, highly effective managers differ in leadership styles based on knowledge and skills, the type of task, and time restrictions among other factors. These actions inspire and encourage optimal performance among employees (Jian, Kwan, Qiu, Liu, Yim, 2012, p. 685). On the other hand, Martinko et al. (2013) note that leadership feedback styles differ in different sectors and industries. The authors are categorical in stating that different operation systems determine the type of leadership style a company is practicing. Irrespective of the leadership style, the authors conclude that leadership feedback styles have an impact on organizational behaviour in terms of motivation and performance among the subordinates (Martinko, Harvey, Brees, Mackey, 2013, p. 123). Proper communication between the management and employees de termine the success of any organization (Wang, Tsui, Xin, 2011, p. 95). In fact, different leaders’ feedback styles have different impacts on the organizational communication channel. Thus, the choice of a management style is directly proportional to the effectiveness of communication in that particular restaurant (Moss Martinko, 2008, p. 126). Organizational and leadership ethics determine the level of participation by the employees and interventions passed through a feasibility test for implementation to initiate a cultural shift in the organization. Besides, communication ethics defines content policy based on the need to address work related habits in order to create a friendly workplace environment (Tepper, 2007, p. 268). As a result of properly structured organizational behaviour ethics, the work environment becomes holistic, that is, soft and socially friendly to the staff. Besides, healthy ethical communication culture creates structural goals which develop norms, e xpectations of specific behaviour display and appropriate guideline controlling interaction with one another (Jian et al. 2012, p. 687). Aspired ideals of a stable organizational behaviour model include the need for an organization to strive to develop a good culture by fostering a strong alignment with the monitored path of achieving its goals, missions and vision. The model has written rules of engagement, expected behaviour, and repercussions for deviation. The aspect of organization behaviour system should be made effective in order to minimize conflicts of interest. Thus, the concept of aspired and profiled structures must be laid down to aid exchange of information, professionalism and pro-activeness in issue based interaction between the supervisor and the subordinates (Wilhelm, Herd, Steiner, 2003, p. 540; Spector, 2008, p. 31). The part of principles in an effective organizational behaviour model encompasses laid down rules to enable the organization to be more efficient. This is in the form of a well organized hierarchy of workforce from management with administrative roles to service providing workers. Managers are empowered by the organization’s constitution to perform the role of prefects and offer leadership solutions upon consultation with one another. To control group behaviour, desirable leadership attributes are necessary, which are possessed by the managers gained over time in experience (Moss Martinko, 2008, p. 129). Therefore, â€Å"actions are most often attributed to four causes: effort and ability (both internal and dispositional causes), luck, and task difficulty (both external and situational causes)† (Slack, 2012, p. 24). Whenever there is a strong professional relationship nurtured on the values of appreciation and respect within an organizational communication model, hidden talents are easily displayable for business sustainability (Tepper, 2007, p. 269). The concept of leadership can be broadly defined as the intri nsic ability to internalise a setting with the intention of empowering a group or team to proactively and creatively contribute towards problem solving (Moss Martinko, 2008, p. 129). The main characteristics of leadership include adaptability, empowerment, commitment, contribution and critical problem solving skills. The aspect of adaptability effects the adjustments that may be required in exercising influence over a challenge. Through these adjustments, a person exercising leadership may be in a position to model a unique setting that reassures and discerns the wants and desires of the subordinates. The aspect of empowerment involves inspiring self-esteem and confidence among the subjects to align their feelings to specific intuition or instinct. These elements determine the effects of an organizational behaviour system on subordinate performance in terms of effort and ability (Powell, 2005, p. 19). Spanish hotel industry organizational effectiveness Several literatures indicate that the Spanish hotel industry is steadily growing in terms of scope and production (International Market Bureau, 2011, p. 2). The scope involves the increasing number of employees, while production involves management techniques that have been employed to ensure sustainable growth (Ernst Young, 2012, par. 8). This requires organizations within the industry to put in place suitable management techniques to ensure effective retention and attraction of employees. Moreover, proper communication between the staff members and top management is considered as an important factor behind the success of any business (Vaccaro, Jansen, Bosch, Volberda, 2012, p. 33). Organizations function best when the intra and intercommunication systems are perfect. Therefore, successful organizations manage information continuously. The practice of information management involves the science of processing information to facilitate informed decision making among managers. Thus, in reviewing performance bas ed on feedback received, it is important to handle the voluntary information with care to boost trust and confidentiality which form the pinnacle of organizational behaviour (Peterson, Smith, Martorana, Owens, 2003, p. 796). Therefore, it is critical to balance the feedback with the goals of such an organization as a remedy towards inclusiveness and active participation which translates into desirable performance. Research Methodology Research philosophy The researcher will be fully involved in preparing both quantitative and qualitative research phases, implementing the survey and interviews and analysing the data gathered. A sense of neutrality will be maintained and the researcher will conduct research as an explorer, whose goal is to establish the link between leaders’ feedback styles and effectiveness of organizational behaviour systems within the Spanish hotel industry. The large scale questionnaire survey for the quantitative phase will help identify which competencie s and feedback styles are most common, while the qualitative phase will help focus on actual management methods used and communication channels in different organizations (De-Rada, 2005, p. 63). Research Approach Use of the qualitative research approach will facilitate understanding of the individual attributes that contribute to poor performance. Attributes of the subjects under study will be qualitatively studied through observation where the researcher will collect data using an observation schedule during the interview process. This will allow the researcher to enter observed qualitative behaviour indicative of lack of motivation in an organization. Quantitative methods used in this study will generally apply to the analysis of the collected data where analytical tools such as chi square, regression and correlation methodologies will be used. These methodologies will help in identification of statistical patterns in the data on motivation collected from organizations using quest ionnaires and interviews (De-Rada, 2005, p. 69). Research Strategy Data, to will be collected through one-on-one interviews, will be scrutinized in detail. Each question asked will be comprehensive to ensure that respondents have an opportunity to give deep and answers that provide an insight into the research problem. Transcription will then be done to each of the recorded interview process. For each response from each participant, the recorded transcripts will be perused to coin relevant and most appropriate response. Factually, instances of divergent or convergent opinions by one or more respondents will be marked appropriately (De-Rada, 2005, p. 66). Validity and reliability determine the accuracy of collecting data in research. In order to achieve validity in the questions presented in the questionnaire, it is essential to carry out question pre-testing (De-Rada, 2005, p. 67). On the other hand, reliability quantifies the magnitude of consistency of research instruments and the outcome created by the same. The way in which an event is experienced is related to the way in which the person, who has experienced this event, can give a different perspective. However, in this qualitative study, the researcher will have the opportunity to get the perspective of the participants. Utilising these experiences as a framework from which to develop the study, the work is likely to reflect the unique understanding that the personal experiences bring to the development of case studies (Persily, 2013, p. 29). The interviews will be conducted by the researcher because of common characteristics of culture and sector. Data used This research will target employee randomly chosen from organizations within the Spanish hotel industry, since they have the knowledge of the feedback attribution and systems management strategies that promote employee motivation. A sample space of 100 participants will be interviewed. The sampling criterion that will be used in the initial sampling plan represents the true picture of the activities on the ground. Adaptation of this sample plan as authentic would not compromise the aspect of comparative study in decision making, that is, it gives room for comparison to another set of data. Methods and techniques used Research survey technique This research will be conducted using research survey study approach. The researcher chose qualitative approach rather than quantitative, because the scope of the research is focused, subjective, dynamic, and discovery oriented. The qualitative approach is best suited to gain proper insight into the situation of the case study. Besides, qualitative data analysis is more detailed than quantitative one. Moreover, this approach will create room for further analysis using different and divergent tools for checking the degree of error and assumption limits. The researcher will use direct interviews with open ended and close ended questionnaires to target respondents (De-Rada, 2005, p. 67). Use of the qualitative research approach will facilitate understanding of the individual attributes of organizational employee motivation effectiveness as influenced by the leaders’ feedback attribution. Attributes of the subjects under study will be qualitatively studied through observation, where the researcher will collect data using an observation schedule during the interview process. These methodologies will help in identification of statistical patterns in the data on motivation collected from organizations using questionnaires and interviews. For interviews, as long as an interviewee agrees to be recorded, the interview will be recorded. This will ensure that all points made by the interviewee are documented and available for consideration in the analysis. Research Plan Week 1: Research Commencement This stage will involve reviewing the research topic and rationale for the proposed hypothesis. This stage may take one week, since choosing the topic will be dependent on ava ilable literature. Week 2 3: Choosing the case study Choosing the case study will be very challenging as research papers adopt different approaches. Specifically, I will have to choose the most convincing research variables from different research articles with a diverse approach to the research questions. Week 4 5: Background research Since materials are available for the research topic, I will have an easy time in merging the relevant material to the research question. This stage may take two weeks to accomplish. Week 6, 7, 8: Conducting the literature review This stage will be very demanding, since different sources of information will be searched. The sources of information that will be probed include the internet, the university library, course notes and public libraries with relevant information on the topic of research. I will concentrate on scholarly papers, conference proceedings, and relevant books. Week 9, 10, 11: Conducting interviews, collecting data and analysing d ata This stage will be the most difficult in the research study. I will have to balance direct interviews, questionnaires, and other methods of research to present information about the topic. Data collected through one-on-one interviews will have to be scrutinised in detail. Open-ended and closed-ended questions will be used. Transcription will be done to each of the recorded interview process. For each response, from each participant, the recorded transcripts will be perused to coin relevant and most appropriate response. This part will be more time consuming than any other part of the research paper. Week 12 13: Research conclusion Emerging themes will be identified and the findings will be interpreted and related to the research question. I will have to manage the data findings and interpretation within the scope of the research topic despite any research dynamics that may arise in the process. The final study will be reviewed to confirm its comprehensiveness in answering the r esearch question before submission. References Chan, M., Mcallister, D. J. (2014). Abusive supervision through the lens of employee state paranoia. Academy Of Management Review, 39, 44-66. De-Rada, V. (2005). Influences of questionnaire design on response to mail surveys, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 61-78. Ernst Young. (2012). Research: Hospitality and leisure sector overview. Web. Grenny, J. (2012). Influence leaders. Leadership Excellence, 29(2), 11-12  International Market Bureau. (2011). Food service profile: Spain. 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